Q.1 Give
historical perspective of teaching in Islam. Also discuss the position of
teacher in Islamic history.
When
a religion becomes complex, it must be adapted to
changing conditions in the
process of development and development to the interpretation of its sacred
texts and legal codes. Society requires religious experts and well versed
scholars to explain, interpret and explain religious principles to people at
this point in time. Religious academies known in the Christian world as
seminaries and in the Muslim world as madaris (singular madrasa) fulfill the
demand for religious scholars. There were no educational institutions in the
Muslim world during the early period of Muslim history. The ulema (religious
scholars) used mosques and their homes as learning facilities, where they
brought together students and taught. Since books and written materials were
not common, students should remember their teachers' lessons. Parchment or
papyrus that were only held by rulers and aristocrats were the lectures written
down. Teachers instructed students to remember every word in a book to
reproduce it based on their memory if it is lost. Arabs were introduced to
Chinese paper production techniques in 751 C.E. The first production plant for
paper was established in Baghdad in 793 C.E.
The
manufacturing of paper in the Muslim countries of Morocco and Grenada followed,
from which Europe reached the art of making paper. The Turks took it to India
in the 13th century. The production of paper made education revolutionary. Rare
manuscripts that scholars and students could not access were now available. The
scholars copied them and delivered them. Paper production also made
administrative work easier and important events could be recorded on paper. The
Baiul Hikmat (the house of Wisdom), further patronized by his succeeding Caliph
el-Mammun, was founded by Abbasid Caliph Haroon Ur Rachid in the early 9th
century C.E. It was a higher education institute in which well-known scholars
have been appointed to conduct research and translations of Greek and Indian
philosophy. Christians, Jews, Indians and Muslims were among these scholars.
The scientist that worked there, AlMamoon also created an observatory.
There was an
excellent library of rare manuscripts and books in the institute. Halagu Khan
who invaded Baghdad burned down the Institute in 1258. It was told that the
water turned black by the .........................................................................................
Q.2 Critically
analyze the educational philosophy of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Enlist his services
in cause of education.
Q.3 Write
a detail note on the nature of guidance derived from the Holy Quran.
Q.4 Explain
the term “Islamization”. Discuss the four main themes of Islamic Educational
Conference.
Q.5 Write
a comprehensive note on the curriculum suggested by Shah Waliullah.
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