Sunday, October 2

AIOU Free Solved Assignment Spring 2022 Course Code 5628 Electronic Media Part - II - Assignment 1

Q.1 Compare the salient features of Private Company wit PTV.

Two or more people are required to start a private limited company, making it a tightly held business.

As opposed to this, shares in a public limited corporation may be held by anybody and exchanged on the open market. Seven people are needed for the assembly.

Private Limited Company

Family members in the public eye are prepared to provide accurate data to the appropriate quarters. This contributes to the development of your brand's identity. You should research your intended audience's likes and dislikes as well as their reaction to your target language and aims. Make sure you are writing about the proper thing. Factors of interest, urgency, relevance, cost, and emotion should all be included in compelling content. Any company formed and registered in accordance with the Businesses Act, 2013 (or any successor statute) is considered to be a private restricted corporation. It is a company whose stock is not publicly traded and is not based on a change in diagnosed inventory levels. The ability to trade stocks is hampered. the responsibility of the corporation is constrained to the variety of shares possessed thru them

There may be a restriction at the most range of individuals, i. E. The quantity of members can't be greater than 200, aside from present day personnel and ex-personnel who were participants of the employer after they had been employed and endured to turn out to be participants even after they left the organisation. It is important to remember that unmarried co-shareholders are treated the same as any other shareholder. As addition, in a personal organisation, any form of appeal to the general public to subscribe for shares is forbidden.

Candidates for the position of director who are citizens of India must provide photocopies of two forms of identification—a PAN card and either a passport, driver's licence, voter identification card, or Aadhar card—to verify their identities and residency. They are also asked to produce their bank statement or electricity/phone bill as their evidence of residency.

If a foreign national is nominated for director, they must provide a copy of their passport to verify their identity and residency. A utility or phone bill or bank statement showing their current address must also be provided. If the registered office is to be located in leased space, the landlord must provide a no objection certificate and a leasing agreement. Documentation of property ownership is required if a registered office is to be established in a privately held location.

Definition of Public Limited Company

Members of the public family are now sharing the appropriate information with the right people and places. In the long run, this is beneficial to the development of brand awareness and loyalty. Learn their most and least preferred communication styles, as well as the words and symbols in their dreams. Select an appropriate topic for your writing. Include components of intrigue, urgency, relevance, cost, and emotion to create compelling content. A public confined company, abbreviated "%," is a joint-stock company formed and registered in accordance with the Indian Businesses Act, 2013 or an earlier enactment. To attract more funding from the general public, it is benchmarked against an established inventory exchange. Because it is a limited liability business, it may openly sell its shares on at least one stock exchange and invite the public to subscribe for them via initial public offerings (iPos). Shareholders' liability is limited to the amount they have personally contributed.

Incorporation of Public Limited Company

All Directors' Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs) and DINs (Directors' Identification Numbers). Copies of each director's official photo identification, including their Adaro Card, Voter ID, PAN Card, or passport. Directors should each provide a passport-sized picture of themselves. If the registered office is to be located in leased space, the landlord must provide a no objection certificate and a leasing agreement. Documentation of property ownership is required if a registered office is to be established in a privately held location. Costs associated with a company's utilities.

Now that we know what "company" means, let us dive into what distinguishes a "private limited company" from a "public limited corporation." A public limited corporation is one whose shares are freely exchanged by the general public on a public stock exchange. By contrast, a private limited corporation is not publicly traded since its members keep their shares of stock off the market. Public limited companies may either draught their own articles of association or use the model articles provided in Table F. Private limited companies are required to draught their own articles of association. When it comes to the transfer of shares, there are limits in the articles of association addressing the transferability of the shares of a private corporation. Such a move requires further permission from the Board of Directors. In contrast, stock in a publicly listed corporation (sometimes known as a "limited liability company") may be bought and sold freely on a regulated market.

To obtain money, a public limited business may opt for a public subscription, via an initial public offering (IPO), but a private limited company is not allowed to do so. A prospectus cannot be issued by a private limited business. Private placement issuance of its shares is permitted in accordance with Section III.Part II. In contrast, a public limited company has the option of either issuing a prospectus in accordance with the rules outlined in Part I of Chapter III, or conducting a private placement in accordance with the rules outlined in Part II of the same chapter.

Regardless of whether or not the necessary subscription has been reached, a private corporation is nevertheless permitted to issue shares. On the other hand, a public corporation cannot issue shares to the public without first meeting the minimum subscription requirements set out in the prospectus. A minimum of two members is necessary to start a private limited company, whereas at least seven members are needed to form a public limited company. Except in the case of a "one person business," which may only have a single member, the maximum number of shareholders in a private limited company is 200. A public limited corporation, on the other hand, is not restricted in the number of people who may join.

At the time of formation, a private limited company must have at least two directors who are at least 18 years old. In contrast, a public limited company needs at least three directors in order to be formally established. While a private limited liability company may begin operations immediately upon getting its certificate of incorporation, a public limited liability company must wait until it has acquired its certificate of initiation of business before it can do so.

As opposed to a public limited company, a private limited corporation may have two or more directors nominated by a single resolution. For a private firm, approval to serve as a director is not something that has to be filed. However, within 30 days after their appointment, directors of public companies must register their permission with the registrar to operate in that capacity. In a publicly traded corporation, two-thirds of the board of directors must leave their positions every three years. In contrast, private companies have the option of having permanent board members who are not subject to mandatory retirement.

 

Q.2 Analyze the social, cultural and behavior impact of television with special reference to Pakistan setting?

The role of television in shaping modern civilization has been crucial. The impact of television on global culture is too great to ignore. Our great-grandparents and grandparents tell us that they listened to the radio and read newspapers and books to pass the time before the advent of television. Having a television set in your home has become almost mandatory in today's society. In terms of information, amusement, and instruction, it is unrivalled. Today, television plays a pivotal role in disseminating norms and ideals from generation to generation. Television's influence on popular culture and attitudes has been undeniable. The main issue with traditional media of the past was the length of time it took to influence people; for example, print media took years to change people's habits, but the effect of television was instantaneous.

Invention of Television

Individuals' social behaviours may be influenced by what they see on television. Ever since its inception in the 1930s, television has had no other purpose but to educate and amuse the public.

The invention of television did not happen instantly or with just one person. A great deal of time and effort was spent experimenting with different approaches to developing television. The initial discovery was made in 1873, the discovery of the “Photoelectric selenium effect” by Willoughby Smith. Eleven years later, the advent of the Nipkow disc (sometimes called a scanning disc) made mechanical television possible. In the 1930s, it rose to prominence. Many other scientists were making innovations in the creation of television Television was also invented by a Scotsman, John Baird, after he completed a number of tests.

In this way, TV may be compared to a magic box, as it stores several statistical formats. The way people learn and understand new things has evolved as a result of the impact of television. Research has shown that one's impression of the television's messages, ideas, and images shapes the whole social apparatus. Increased awareness and appreciation for the progress of society and culture have been attributed to television. For every social commerce, the glide of information is an important component. It'll boost the expertise of the individuals regarding the situation and raise feelings for the demand for social trade. In order to communicate and work together toward a same goal, statistics serve as a connecting point.

The influence of television on people's beliefs, morals, and practises is substantial. It acts as a social educator, moulding a person's mental, emotional, and bodily health. While TV is great for providing light entertainment, it also has a responsibility to educate its audience.

Television often presents ideas and reflects values that are at odds with those promoted by formal schooling. The media is a fantastic source of education. It plays a vital influence in the changing of culture, values and standards in a society. Given the influence that what we see on TV has on our morals and ethics, it is becoming an increasingly important force in societal change (advertisement, drama and news reports).

The term "socio-cultural" is often used to describe the ways in which people vary from one another, most notably in terms of their socioeconomic status and the cultural contexts in which they find themselves. Television has had a significant impact on the evolution of social and cultural elements such as norms and mores. It has made people conscious of cultural characteristics. Television had a significant role in marketing topics as diverse as art, culture, education, language, law, religion, politics, science, and fashion. Within the last 70 years, television has seen several changes, including technological advancements and new types of programming and use. The impact of television on our culture has been both positive and negative.

For instance, TELEVISION watchers have seen a shift in the last several years, Women's traditional legacy and stereotypical role was limited to that of a housewife, but the media has shifted this perception, and today's professional women are represented on television.

Women in rural regions were formerly forbidden from receiving an education, but because to the influence of television, attitudes have shifted and girls from all backgrounds are now encouraged to pursue higher education. Many societal ills, including as dowry, underage marriage, substance misuse, child abuse, and others, are being brought to light on television. Even TV suggestions have evolved from their original form. The stuff they are showing is educational and addresses important societal concerns. Television has been a major force in shaping contemporary society. Some of the apps and music we encounter are more traditional, bringing us back to our origins as a people and as a country. It does a lot to help people keep their cultural heritage alive. It is because to television that humans from one nook of the sector is conscious of the subculture of humans of the opposite corners of the sector. Television made it possible to get insight into the norms and customs of other societies. This facilitates communication between individuals of different cultures and fosters unity among them. The exchange of subcultural items is made possible. Maintaining our social standing and learning about other peoples' traditions would be challenging if television did not exist. The advent of television has resulted in worldwide communication. We are aware of events occurring in other countries. We do not see any boundaries; it is just like living in one big, safe community. It is possible that globalisation will be a very durable phenomenon. I think TV can bring people together all across the world, helping to stop problems in the United States and promoting discussion of important social and cultural issues.

We have spoken about the ways TV's good for society, but there are also drawbacks. One of the most common criticisms levelled against television is that it encourages an unhealthy fixation on monetary success. People nowadays would prefer sit in front of the TV than read, conduct intellectually stimulating activities like book club, play sports, or gamble in the great outdoors. Many of the negative psychological impacts of television viewing have direct parallels in viewers' feelings of dissatisfaction with themselves. These days, movies and music packages are also contributing to cognitive and physical decline. These days, people are tuning in to more violent and aggressive shows. Violence and other forms of harmful entertainment are available to the guests, which may lead to violent behaviour and poor tolerance levels. There are many things that are having an impact on our cultural values in addition to their mental and physical repercussions. Rather than fostering cultural norms, television is actively undermining them in our culture. Our cultural values are deteriorating as a result.

Role of Television in Society

Television now plays a crucial role since it disseminates highly useful and critical information. It is dispelling misunderstandings of many human beings. As covid-19 spreads rapidly, the media is now tasked with its primary mission: keeping their audience informed with accurate information. The TV needs to connect with the target audience all through this hard period and also exhibit their relevance and competence to fill the wants of target audience. Now more than ever, TV has to strengthen its link with its target audience by providing material that the other channels can use effectively. The way people think and the way they live are profoundly impacted by television. Pure Pakistani culture, a rejection of westernisation, and a reflection of Islamic principles may all be explored in a wide variety of television shows. Only a select few dramas highlight women's strengths rather than their faults. Instead of money and fame, the main emphasis should be on the story and the spread of unhealthy social norms.

 

Q.3 what ae the requirement and techniques of TV news coverage? Also critical evaluate the value of on-camera reporting for Television.

The information coverage on television is distinct from the activities that are overlaid on the news for radio and the press. Due to the nature of television as a visual medium, practically every television reporter leaves the newsroom for information coverage accompanied by a camera person or group who will ensure that pictures are shot and sound is recorded. Naturally, a notepad and a writing instrument are required for each reporter in order to discreetly capture pertinent information while simultaneously fabricating a story. These kinds of notes make it simpler to write a screenplay under the pressure of a closing date, whether one is out in the field reporting or back in the newsroom. It is very important to write the correct spelling of a newsmaker's name and his name, since this information will probably be shown on the screen when your article airs. Bring along an audiotape recorder in addition. Make use of it to save information on individuals who were interviewed in the region. It does not matter how good the recording is since it will not be played again on the radio, thus the quality is irrelevant. You will be able to get a head start on arranging your on-air record before you even go to the radio station if you make use of that audiotape and combine it with the written notes you brought with you.

Before you begin writing, it is important that you first see the video that was recorded while the subject was still alive. This audiotape may provide you all the information you need to make a quick choice on the sound bites to utilise and the length of the sound cut. When beginning work in a new field, you will find that Remark is a really helpful tool. In addition to looking at the facts of a story, you need also pay attention to the way that more seasoned journalists are covering it; for example, who are they interviewing? What are they taking pictures of exactly? Where exactly are they recording a significant portion of their narration on the computer?

When reporting the news, the television reporter has to do their best to be accurate, quick, thorough, and polished even though they may be working under a tight deadline and under a lot of pressure. Additionally, they may need to sort through material that is contradictory or insufficient. It is quite essential that you get at a news point in a timely manner if you want to be covered on television. Latecomers have a chance of being charged a premium for digi am slots. It is recommended that you select a seat that provides unobstructed views of the digital operator. You will not have to worry about shooting the whole thing, and the digital operator will not have to worry about knowing when to start and stop. If there is an enhanced text version of a statement available, you might highlight the parts of the statement that are most important to you as a guide for the person operating the camera. Those who are in charge of organising an information conference may also provide an access point for plugging in a home public address system. However, in most cases, you will be able to set up your own microphone. Check the voice level and technical quality of the audio equipment before the event begins to make sure everything is in working order. Make it a priority to gather as much information as possible about the potential lighting issues in advance. Before the press conference, the colour balance of the electronic cameras should be checked and corrected as necessary. This is accomplished by pointing the digital camera at a white object and pressing the white balance control button. Informational Resources for Television In theory, the information departments of television networks and the editorial departments of newspapers have comparable resources for news gathering. In actuality, it does not longer make for a nice workout session to be conducted in this manner. The fact that radio and television employ different kinds and levels of information is one factor that contributes to this phenomenon. Because television is often a visual medium and because it is by far the most effective medium that is able to demonstrate motion, the sources of news should include the sources of information film and videotape. Every day, a large number of information programmers structure their work around film and videotape.

 

Q.4 Elaborate the responsibilities of produced in planning the bulletin.

The planning of a company's or an industry's various production and manufacturing modules is referred to as production planning. In order to cater to a variety of clients, it makes use of resource allocation in the form of activities carried out by personnel, materials, and manufacturing capacity. There are many distinct production techniques, each of which requires its own unique approach to production planning. Some examples of these methods are continuous production, batch production, mass production, and single-item manufacturing. Production planning and production control, often known as production planning and control, may be merged into a single process, or production planning can be merged with enterprise resource planning.

The planning stage of manufacturing is where the industry is headed. By enabling the fulfilment of necessary requirements, it may contribute to the effective manufacture or establishment of a production site. A plan of production is created on a regular basis for a certain time period, which is referred to as the planning horizon. Determination of the necessary product mix and manufacturing load in order to meet the requirements of the client is one of the operations that might be included. bringing the available resources up to the desired level of productivity is the goal here. Organizing and selecting the actual work that will be begun at the production plant ". Organizing and sending production orders to facilities where manufacturing is being carried out.

The production planner or department responsible for production planning has to collaborate closely with the marketing department and sales department in order to generate production plans. They are able to give sales projections as well as a list of orders from customers. " The "work is often chosen from a wide number of product kinds, each of which may call for a unique combination of resources and cater to a unique set of clients. As a result, the selection has to maximise both customer-independent performance metrics like cycle time and customer-dependent performance metrics like delivery on time."

"the precise evaluation of the productive capacity of available resources" is one of the most difficult jobs to do successfully, despite the fact that it is one of the most important factors in production planning.

The phrase "taking into consideration material availability, resource availability, and knowledge of future demand" is something that should always be done while planning production. Since the late 19th century, several methodologies and instruments for modern production planning have been created. Under the principles of Scientific Management, the tasks that are assigned to each person and equipment are planned out in advance (see image). A further century may be traced back to the beginning of production planning. According to a summary provided by Kaplan (1986), "the demand for information for internal planning and control apparently arose in the first half of the 19th century when firms, such as textile mills and railroads, had to devise internal administrative procedures to coordinate the multiple processes involved in the performance of the basic activity" (the conversion of raw materials into finished goods by textile mills, and the transportation of passengers and freight by the railroads).

Herrmann (1996) provides an additional description of the events that led to the development of new approaches for internal planning and control: "The first factories were pretty straightforward and were on the smaller side. They only manufactured a limited number of things, but did so in massive quantities. Gains in productivity were realised as a result of the use of interchangeable components, which allowed for the elimination of labor-intensive fitting procedures. Manufacturing companies were concerned with optimising the efficiency of the costly equipment in the plant during the late 1800s. This focus persisted into the early 1900s. The maintenance of a high usage rate was a crucial goal. Foremen were in charge of their own shops and were responsible for managing all of the necessary actions for the small number of items that fell under their purview. They were in charge of the hiring of operators, the purchasing of supplies, the management of production, and the delivery of the product. They were professionals who have better technical abilities, and they were the ones who planned production rather than a separate crew of clerks. Even as their output increased, factories did not get more complicated; rather, they simply became larger.

Regarding the planning of the production, Herrmann (1996) states that "The schedule of production likewise got off to a simple start. When schedules were utilised at all, they merely indicated when work on an order was supposed to begin or when the order was due. They did not offer any information on the amount of time that should be necessary to complete the whole order or the amount of time that is required for each individual procedure..."

In 1923, Mr. Owens was noted in Industrial Management for making the following observations: "The process of production planning is quickly evolving into one of the most essential components of management. It is true that every organisation, regardless of how big or how small it is, engages in some form of production planning. However, a significant portion of these organisations do not engage in production planning in a way that ensures an even flow of materials and a minimum amount of money that is invested in inventories.

Advanced planning and scheduling

In the context of manufacturing management, the term "advanced planning and scheduling," or APS for short, refers to a method through which raw resources and production capacity are properly allocated to fulfil demand. Advanced manufacturing is another name for APS. APS is particularly useful in settings where more straightforward planning approaches are unable to appropriately handle the complexities of making trade-offs between conflicting goals. The dependency of the size of the solution space on the number of items or products that are going to be created makes production scheduling inherently extremely challenging. This dependence may be thought of as being nearly factorial in nature.

Traditional production planning and scheduling methods, such as industrial resource planning, assign material and production capacity using a step-by-step process. This method is straightforward but laborious, and it does not quickly adjust to changing requirements, capacities of resources, or supplies of relevant materials. Materials and capacity are planned independently of one another, and many systems do not take into account the limits imposed by either material or capacity, which results in designs that are not viable. Despite this, efforts to switch to the new system have not always been effective, which has resulted in the need to combine management philosophy and production.

Material requirements planning

Manufacturing operations may benefit from material requirements planning (MRP), a system that helps with planning, scheduling, and keeping track of inventories. The majority of MRP tools are computer programmes, however manual MRP is also viable. The aim of an MRP system is to achieve a trifecta of goals all at once. It is important to make sure that both manufacturing inputs and finished goods can be delivered to clients on time. Keep stock levels as low as feasible. Prepare a timeline for production, shipping, and buying. Scheduling refers to the steps used to plan, manage, and maximise the time and effort put into a manufacturing or production run. Allocating plant and equipment resources, organising human resources, organising industrial processes, and buying materials all benefit from scheduling.

It has a crucial role in the engineering and industrial sectors, where it may significantly increase output. Scheduling in manufacturing is used to advise a production facility when to manufacture something, how many workers should be on hand, and what machines should be used in order to maintain customers' deadlines while keeping production costs to a minimum. Scheduling production activities with the goal of optimising productivity and cutting costs is a common practise. Scheduling may be complicated by random factors such unpredictable processing durations, deadlines, weights, and stochastic machine failures. Problems with scheduling in this context are called stochastic scheduling.

 

Q.5 Discuss the requirement of video editing and the sound bite selection for a news program.       

Video Editor Requirements

A BA in film studies, cinematography, or a closely related discipline is often required. Having worked as a video editor in the past. Possessing practical knowledge of Adobe After Effects, Final Cut Pro X, Avid Media Composer, Light works, and Premier, among other editing programmes. Talent and ability in the arts. You will be in charge of coordinating the many elements—including camera footage, dialogue, sound effects, graphics, and special effects—that go into a film or video before it is ready for release. The success or failure of the post-production process hinges on the abilities of the person filling this function. Usually, you will have to coordinate closely with the director to accomplish success.

Freelancing is common, and you will likely work on short-term contracts for post-production houses, TV networks, and big businesses. Traditional film editing has been largely superseded by digital technology, specialised computer software, and high-quality digitization of sound and visuals. There will be times when you get to be creative, and other times when you will simply be expected to run the equipment.

Depending on your responsibilities, you may also be responsible for completing technical tasks such as repairing damaged video, colour grading, and the addition of special effects throughout the online editing process.

Television and post-production studios often offer entry-level assistant editors salaries between £18-£25k per year. Earning between £21,000 and £35,000 is possible after gaining expertise as a film or video editor. Earnings for senior editors working on high-budget projects may approach the upper end of the salary range of £37,000 to £70,000.

A film or video editor is not an entry-level position; most people in the field began their careers as assistants or runners, earning somewhere around the minimum wage. You can work your way up to assistant editor, where your salary potential is higher, and ultimately editor. The vast majority of editors are independent contractors who are paid per project. To get an idea of what freelancers in your area are making, it is a good idea to check with either a collection of individuals or the Broadcasting, Movie, and Theatre Guild (bectu). If you go via a company to acquire artwork, they will negotiate prices with the artist and then deduct a percentage or a fixed fee from the final sale. Work hours are flexible and will vary based on the needs of the production. Some businesses may let you choose your own hours, but if you want to work in television or feature films, expect to put in at least 50 hours each week. If the studio where the edits will be done is scheduled at night, shift painters may have to be brought in. Expect to put in additional effort and work long hours if deadlines need to be met.

What to expect

There will be busy moments when you are a freelancer, but there will also be periods when you are not working on anything. As a freelance editor, you may be competing with others for work and juggling many projects of varying sizes at once. Usually, workers are required to either work independently or under the supervision of a director. It is not uncommon to have a music editor, a sound effects editor, and a few of assistant editors on a major production. Working under intense conditions, such as tight deadlines or restricted studio time, may add stress to the task.

Most of your time will be spent in editing suites, which are often compact yet cosy spaces. Hours upon hours are devoted to using computers. If you are a freelancer and you have the means to do so, you may work from the comfort of your own home. Post-production and facilities firms as well as independent production businesses may be found in most locations around the UK, even though the bulk of television and film editing work is located in London. Even if you have to go to multiple editing rooms, you probably will not have to relocate. Once you have made your name as an editor, you may be able to find work in other countries. Being a film or video editor does not need a bachelor's, master's, or other advanced degree, but it does require dedication and perseverance. A degree or HND in film or media production may be useful in proving that you have the essential abilities.

You should be an ardent gamer or a seasoned final cut expert, and you need also be proficient in particular editing tools. Courses in these areas are offered at a variety of levels, but they may be costly, so it is important to do your research to choose a path that works with your schedule and budget. It is vital that you be very fluent in using computers and have a natural knack for navigating digital environments. Having experience in the present day might give you an edge over other candidates. You can get by without a graduate degree, but there are useful resources out there that can help you gain knowledge and skills that will set you apart from the competition. Browse academic journals covering the topic of media production at the graduate level.

Work experience

To be successful as an editor, you need to have a strong will and be ready to perform the bare minimum to get the job done. Gaining relevant job experience, such as in another sector of media production, will allow you to display this and give you a sense of whether or not the industry's emphasis on accuracy and focus is a good fit.

Pre-entry expertise in film or video production or post-production is required, and you should be able to demonstrate this with a recent and polished show reel. Join the film club on campus to pick up some editing tips from the pros. When you are just getting started in the film industry, your work on any number of different movies might serve as proof of your abilities. Learn more about the many internship and work experience opportunities that are out there.

Many post-production houses and independent media conglomerates hire editors on a freelance or contract basis, while some provide permanent positions. While many television and film production firms do have in-house editors, all utilise freelancers on a regular basis, and some rely exclusively on freelance editors.

Due to the rising project-based nature of the television business, the use of freelancers has increased across all levels of production. Freelancing gives you the chance to amass a body of work and a name for yourself. Even for low-level positions like runner, competition is high since there are so few openings in the film and video editing industry. Make sure to apply to as many production studios and post-production facilities as possible with speculative applications that highlight your unique set of abilities. Making connections and establishing credibility in one's field might help one get a job. Once you have established yourself as a freelancer, you may also promote your services via specialised websites.

Professional development

The best method to acquire marketable expertise is to do it while already employed in the field. The best approach to acquire these technical and creative abilities is via a mix of observation of skilled experts and experimentation. You may see a list of verified educators on the Screens Kills website. It is also crucial to be well-versed in the latest tools and technological developments. In order to broaden your career prospects and keep your professional network active, you may decide to expand your talents into camera or sound work. BECTU offers several different types of classes.

Starting out as a runner or trainee and working your way up to assistant editor is a common career path. If you want to become a full editor, you should plan on spending three to four years as an associate editor. To make a name for oneself in this dynamic field, one must adopt a proactive strategy and be ready to start at the bottom. Relocating for work may also be an advantage, especially in the beginning stages of your career. Progression from runner, digitizer, or assistant editor to senior editor is possible in post-production and television production houses. Large companies often have well-defined career pathways. Competent internal editors may also advance to supervisory positions. Freelancers may advance their careers by moving from lower-profile to more high-profile productions. Establishing a solid reputation and developing your network are crucial to achieving success. The ability to poach sought-after editors onto other projects highlights the importance of fostering strong working relationships with freelance directors, manufacturing managers, and manufacturers.

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