Compulsory
English-I (207)
Q.1 COMMON
NAME: Whale
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Balaenoptera musculus
TYPE:
Mammals Q.1 Suppose you are a student and you want to write
an essay about Blue Whales. Keeping in mind the information given below, write
a paragraph about Blue Whales.
(20)
DIET:
Carnivore
GROUP NAME:
Pod
AVERAGE
LIFE SPAN IN THE WILD: 80 to 90 years
SIZE: 82 to
105 feet
WEIGHT: Up
to 200 ton
SIZE
RELATIVE TO A BUS:
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal
and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of 29.9 meters (98 ft)
and weighing up to 199 tonnes (196 long tons; 219 short tons), it is the
largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender
body can be of various shades of greyish-blue dorsally and somewhat lighter
underneath. Four subspecies are recognized: B. m. musculus in the North
Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia in the Southern Ocean, B. m.
brevicauda (the pygmy blue whale) in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean,
B. m. indica in the Northern Indian Ocean. There is also a population in the
waters off Chile that may constitute a fifth subspecies.
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The genus name, Balaenoptera, means winged whale[3] while
the species name, musculus, could mean "muscle" or a diminutive form
of "mouse", possibly a pun by Carl Linnaeus[4][3] when he named the
species in Systema Naturae.[5] One of the first published descriptions of a blue
whale comes from Robert Sibbald's Phalainologia Nova,[6] after Sibbald found a
stranded whale in the estuary of the Firth of Forth, Scotland, in 1692. The
name "blue whale" was derived from the Norwegian "blåhval",
coined by Svend Foyn shortly after he had perfected the harpoon gun. The
Norwegian scientist G. O. Sars adopted it as the common name in 1874.[7]
Blue whales were referred to as 'Sibbald's rorqual',
after Robert Sibbald, who first described the species.[6] Herman Melville
called the blue whale "sulphur bottom" in his novel Moby Dick[8]
because of the accumulation of diatoms creating a yellowish appearance on their
pale underside.
In general, blue whale populations migrate between their
summer feeding areas near the poles and their winter breeding grounds near the
tropics. There is also evidence of year-round residencies, and partial or
age/sex-based migration. Blue whales are filter feeders; their diet consists
almost exclusively of krill. They are generally solitary or gather in small
groups, and have no well-defined social structure other than mother-calf bonds.
The fundamental frequency for blue whale vocalizations ranges from 8 to 25 Hz
and the production of vocalizations may vary by region, season, behavior, and
time of day. Orcas are their only natural predators.
The blue whale was once abundant in nearly all the
Earth's oceans until the end of the 19th century. It was hunted almost to the
point of extinction by whalers until the International Whaling Commission
banned all blue whale hunting in 1966. The International Union for Conservation
of Nature has listed blue whales as Endangered as of 2018. It continues to face
numerous man-made threats such as ship strikes, pollution, ocean noise and
climate change.
Blue whales are rorquals in the family Balaenopteridae. A
2018 analysis estimates that the Balaenopteridae family diverged from other
families in between 10.48 and 4.98 million years ago during the late
Miocene.[10] The earliest discovered anatomically modern blue whale is a
partial skull fossil found in southern Italy, dating to the Early Pleistocene,
roughly 1.5–1.25 million years ago.[11] The Australian pygmy blue whale
diverged during the Last Glacial Maximum. Their more recent divergence has
resulted in the subspecies having a relatively low genetic diversity,[12] and
New Zealand blue whales have an even lower genetic diversity.[13]
Whole genome sequencing suggests that blue whales are
most closely related to sei whales with gray whales as a sister group. This
study also found significant gene flow between minke whales and the ancestors
of the blue and sei whale. Blue whales also displayed high genetic
diversity.[10]
Hybridization
Blue whales are known to interbreed with fin whales. The
earliest description of a possible hybrid between a blue and fin whale was a
20-meter (65 ft) anomalous female whale with the features of both the blue and
the fin whales taken in the North Pacific.[14] A whale captured off
northwestern Spain in 1984, was found to have been the product of a blue whale mother
and a fin whale father.[15]
Two live blue-fin whale hybrids have since been
documented in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, (Canada), and in the Azores,
(Portugal).[16] DNA tests done in Iceland on a blue whale killed in July 2018
by the Icelandic whaling company Hvalur hf, found that the whale was the
offspring of a male fin whale and female blue whale;[17] however, the results
are pending independent testing and verification of the samples. Because the
International Whaling Commission classified blue whales as a "Protection
Stock", trading their meat is illegal, and the kill is an infraction that
must be reported.[18] Blue-fin hybrids have been detected from genetic analysis
of whale meat samples taken from Japanese markets.[19] Blue-fin whale hybrids
are capable of being fertile. Molecular tests on a 21-meter (70 ft) pregnant
female whale caught off Iceland in 1986 found that it had a blue whale mother
and a fin whale father, while its fetus was sired by a blue whale.[20]
There is reference to a humpback-blue whale hybrid in the
South Pacific, attributed to marine biologist Michael Poole.[3][21]
Subspecies and stocks
At least four subspecies of blue whale are recognized,
some of which are divided into population stocks or "management
units".[22][23] They have a worldwide distribution, but are mostly absent
from the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean, Okhotsk, and Bering Sea.[22]
Northern subspecies (B. m. musculus)
North Atlantic population - This population is mainly
documented from New England along eastern Canada to Greenland, particularly in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, during summer though some individuals may remain
there all year. They also aggregate near Iceland and have increased their
presence in the Norwegian Sea. They are reported to migrate south to the West
Indies, the Azores and northwest Africa.[22]
Eastern North Pacific population - Whales in this region
mostly feed off California from summer to fall and then Oregon, Washington
State, the Alaska Gyre and Aleutian Islands later in the fall. During winter
and spring, blue whales migrate south to the waters of Mexico, mostly the Gulf
of California, and the Costa Rica Dome, where they both feed and breed.[22]
Central/Western Pacific population - This stock is
documented around the Kamchatka Peninsula during the summer; some individuals
may remain there year-round. They have been recorded wintering in Hawaiian
waters, though some can be found in the Gulf of Alaska during fall and early
winter
Q.2 In Unit 2,
Page 46, you have read that there are many people who come to Major Haq’s house
for services. What do the following people do at Major Haq’s house? (10)
i.
A sweeper
who comes to.......................................................................
ii.
A plumber
who comes to......................................................................
iii.
A washer
man who comes to................................................................
iv.
A maid who
comes to.............................................................................
v.
A cook who
comes to.............................................................................
i. A sweeper
who comes to use a broom and shovel to clean off litter, animal waste and
filth that accumulated on streets.
ii. A
plumber who comes to install and repair pipes and fixtures that carry water, gas,
or other fluids in homes and businesses.
iii. A washer
man who comes to a man who washes
clothes, linens, etc., for hire; laundryman.
iv. A maid
who comes to 'Maid' is based on the
true story of this single mom. The popular Netflix series 'Maid' is based on
the true story of author Stephanie Land.
v. A cook
who comes to prepare (food, a
dish, or a meal) by mixing, combining, and heating the ingredients.
"shall I cook dinner tonight
Q.3 In Unit 1
you read a dialogue between Kamal Baig and the policeman. Suppose you have gone
to a trip to the museum with your school friends. The museum has a collection
of many butterflies. Use the WH question from given below and write a dialogue
between your and the museum guide. Follow the example: (10)
Example:
A: Where are you going?
B:
I am going with my friends.
Rudy: Can you tell me the hours of operation for the
Museum?
Guard: It’s open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through
Saturday. It’s closed on Sunday.
Rudy: Thanks. I’ll be back tomorrow.
----------
The next day, I arrived at the Museum at 10 a.m. and the
same guard was there.
Rudy: Hello, again. Can you tell me if the Museum has any
tours?
Guard: The Museum has a self-guided tour. You can get
information at the ticket window.
Rudy: Oh, thanks. Do you know if I can use my flash to
take photos in the Museum?
Guard: You can take pictures, but flash photography is
prohibited. Food and drinks are prohibited, too.
Rudy: Oh, I guess I need to get rid of this bottle of
juice before I go in. Do you know if all of the exhibits are open to the public
today?
Guard: The east wing is under construction, but the rest
of the galleries are open. The sculpture and painting galleries are to your
left, and the artifacts are to your right.
Rudy: Thanks a lot. How much is the admission charge?
Guard: It’s $10.00 for adults, $3.00 for children, and
$5.00 for seniors and students with picture ID. The people at the ticket window
can help you with that.
Rudy: Thanks. Just one more question.
Guard: Yes?
Rudy: If I leave after I pay, can I come back in?
Guard: Yes. You just have to show your stub. Anything
else?
Rudy: Oh, no. Thanks a lot. Sorry to have bothered you.
Guard: No trouble at all.
Q.4 In Unit 2,
exercise3, you have read and listened the dialogue between Major Haq and
Soomro. Suppose you want to buy a building. You got to a property dealer and
ask him some questions. Write five questions which you will as the property
dealer about buying a building. (10)
women : Is this
the house you wanted to show us?
property dealer : Yes, madam.
women : It looks
too small for a family of four.
property dealer: I know it's smaller than you wanted, but
it's one of the best houses in this locality.
women : How many
bedrooms does it have?
property dealer: There are two. The master bedroom is
spacious enough to accommodate two children. You and your husband could use the
smaller one.
women : I think we
could manage this way. But don't you have any three-bedroom house?
property dealer: I've one, but it's extremely expensive.
women : Okay, then
how much would be the rent of this house?
property dealer: It would be Rs.5000/-.
women : Does that
include any of the utilities?
property dealer: Yes. It includes gas.
women : Oh, It's
an added attraction. But before I sign a deed of rent I would like for my
husband to see it. How late are you open?
property dealer: You may come at six. I' Il still be in
my office.
women : That's
good. Then see you in the evening. Thank you very much.
property dealer: You're welcome
Q.5 In Unit 2,
Page 41, you have studied different words to express reason. Now read the
questions below by writing suitable reasons. Use the word given in the
brackets. Follow the example: (10)
Example: I am working hard to complete this
project as I have to get my degree.
i. Why do
we need to keep our surroundings clean? (because)
ii. Why is
there so much crime in our country? (as)
iii. Why do we
need to get computer training? (since)
iv. Why
should we travel by metro bus? (because)
v. Why
should we wear proper dress at workplace? (as)
i. Why do
we need to keep our surroundings clean? (because)
8 Ways to Keep the Earth Clean
Bring a bag. ...
Invest in a reusable water bottle. ...
Bring your own reusable cup. ...
Refuse single-use items. ...
Avoid products with microbeads. ...
Shop in bulk. ...
Make sure your waste goes to the right place. ...
Compost.
ii. Why is
there so much crime in our country? (as)
Family factors may be the
main reason individuals get involved in crime but drug dependence may be the
main distinguishing factor between those who offend frequently and those who
offend only occasionally.
iii. Why do we
need to get computer training? (since)
Ongoing computer training
provides helps employees build new job skills, which they can use to decrease
your costs, respond to customer queries and complaints, communicate efficiently
with other employees and file legal paperwork.
iv. Why
should we travel by metro bus? (because)
Is less stressful. Rather
than driving in traffic, you can use the time that you spend moving from one
place to another by bus to do other things, such as reading, advancing some
work, taking a nap, listening to music, doing important phone calls, etc. 2.
Travelling by bus is cheaper than owning and operating a car.
v. Why
should we wear proper dress at workplace? (as)
Dressing professionally helps
you present a positive, professional image of your organization to others. Even
if you dress casually or wear a uniform, making sure you look neat and put
together can improve the reception you receive.
Q.6 Use the present continuous tense or ing from
the verb to write 5 sentences using the following verbs: (10)
|
Jump |
Jog |
Walk |
Stroll |
Limp |
i.
Jump
The dog is jumpping on a man
ii.
Jog
I am jogging in the park
iii.Walk.
I am walking on park
Stroll
I am strolling on the ground.
Limp
I saw a liming dog.
Q.7 In Unit 3 you learnt about words and their
meanings through use of synonyms. Write at least 5 words along with their
synonyms. (10)
|
Word |
Synonyms |
|
Together
with |
Along
with |
|
As well
as |
In
addition to |
|
Including |
Also |
|
Too |
Besides |
|
Furthermore |
plus |
Q.8 Unit 3
deals with ‘Education and Career Plans’. Go to Page 69, Exercise 6, where an
advertisement of job for a policeman. The administration requires the following
information. Fill in the form given below with information about you. (20)
|
i. Full Name:...........................................................................................
Shahid ii. Father’s Name: Farhan........................................................................ iii. National Identity Card Number:42261-4563587-1............................. iv. Age 16 ................................................................................................. v. Domicile
Bahalapur............................................................................ vi. Permanent Home Address: street 1, mateen
town, bahalpur............... vii. Present Address if different from
permanent address: same as above viii. Education: Matric .................................................................................................... ix. Specialized Diploma (if any):.............................................................. x. Languages Spoken: English, Urdu,
Punjabi, Saraiki........................... |
|
|
Dear Student,
Ye sample assignment h. Ye
bilkul copy paste h jo dusre student k pass b available h. Agr ap ne university
assignment send krni h to UNIQUE assignment
hasil krne k lye ham c contact kren:
0313-6483019
0334-6483019
0343-6244948
University c related har
news c update rehne k lye hamra channel subscribe kren:
AIOU Hub